John Locke And David Hume s Theory Of The Self And...

Are we conscious people or objects? Philosophers continue to argue the answer. In Eric Olson’s article, he states that when referencing personal identity, it relates to us, human-beings-being persons (1). Personal identity to some is constant and continuous unity of a person as it relates to a person’s memory and their level of consciousness. Others say that it is contingent and changeable (Olson 2). Two well-known philosophers with very different opinions on this topic, as well as, self and consciousness, in general, are John Locke and David Hume. Each wrote their own theories on how the three ideas work together within a person. John Locke is known more for his self and body theory while David Hume’s issue with continuous self. Each philosopher has their own theories in relation to self, identity, and consciousness and they attempt to prove them, but one of them falls short but lays the foundation for many other future philosophers. John Locke’s th eory of the self, mind, and consciousness originates with first determining the idea of self or person. In chapter 27 of his â€Å"Of Personal Identity,† Locke explains that when trying to compare the mind of a person we must compare it at one time and place, to itself at a different time and place, but the mind needs intelligent, thinking capabilities, therefore, the idea of identity and diversity are formed (Locke 1,1). Locke’s idea requires that the mind is the same over time and not change so a person’s identity can beShow MoreRelatedHume Personal Identity Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pageslife that you do not have control over, such as where you grew up, the color of your skin, and your religious beliefs. According to David Hume, these influences throughout our lives makes us the person that we are today. In his essay â€Å"A Treatise on Human Nature†, Hume argues his views on personal identity and how it is a subsequent of the many influences in our lives. Hume believes that living life as a human being leaves only impressions, rather than one stable identity. Impressions such as religiousRead MoreMovie Review : The Edge Of Tomorrow 1116 Words   |  5 Pagesof a war against an extraterrestrial enemy who has the ability to reset the day and know the future. Cage finds himself being enabled with that same power as he killed a leading ‘mimic’ in one scene which resulting in the blood being burnt onto Cage s face. From then on, Cage can reset the day if he was murdered or had committed suicide from a specific point in the movie and be able to remember what happened previously. This scene can be related to the idea of free will as it shows that Cage has theRead MoreJohn Locke : Human Knowledge And Ideas1993 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper, I want to examine how philosophers, especially John Locke from his book Essay Concerning Human Understanding, understand human knowledge and ideas. We have all had experience of being unsure or mistaken about something: you think it s Wednesday when it is actually Thursday; you wonder whether he was wearing a red shirt or yellow yesterday. Sceptics argue that it is impossible to be certain about anything, arguing that if we can be deceived about such simple things, who can say thatRead MoreIdealism Vs. Idealism : The Theory That Ideas And Thoughts Make Up The Actual Fundamental Reality Of The1961 Words   |  8 PagesIdealism is the theory that ideas and thoughts make up the actual fundamental reality of the world. In an overview, it is any philosophy that argues that the only things that are knowable lies in conscio usness. This also states that we can never truly tell if anything in the outside world really exists. Things that are real are only mental, nothing physical if proven to be real. The stages of Idealism’s development have been in a constant change since the times of Plato up to Berkeley. In IdealismRead MoreThe Philosophical Roots Of Psychology Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pagesbehavioral psychology, evolutionary psychology, and more. However, a person needs to know the history of psychology before he or she can grasp the different concepts of psychology. However, the roots of psychology are grounded in philosophy, with psychology s beginning coming from philosophers as Socrates, Plato, and Rene Descartes, and began with questions about human nature. The Philosophical Roots The beginnings of psychology come from different philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato. In all actualityRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesphilosophy [pic] [pic] John Locke Modern philosophy begins with the revival of skepticism and the rise of modern physical science. Philosophy in this period centers on the relation between experience and reality, the ultimate origin of knowledge, the nature of the mind and its relation to the body, the implications of the new natural sciences for free will and God, and the emergence of a secular basis for moral and political philosophy. Canonical figures include Hobbes, Descartes, Locke, Spinoza, LeibnizRead MoreAristotle And Plato s Influence On Western Philosophical Tradition2851 Words   |  12 PagesThroughout the history of philosophy, philosophers from all eras have tirelessly tried to explain the consciousness and being of man. Beginning with the Ancient Greek philosophers who played an important role in the shaping of western philosophical tradition, who eventually broke away from a mythological approach to explaining the world, and gave rise to an method based on reason and evidence with main concern of explaining the entire cosmos. The Pre-Socratic philosophers strived to identify theRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pagescultural and critical theory library Open source archive of ebooks, texts, videos, documentary films and podcasts Pages * Home * List of major critical theorists * What is Critical theory ? * What is Frankfurt School ? * Support Critical Theory Library * Contact This Blog This Blog  Ã‚  Ã‚   |    | ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form    Home  » texts  » History amp; Class Consciousness: Preface by Georg Lukà ¡cs (1923) Thursday, February 3, 2011

National Famework Recovery Oriented Mental Health Services

Question: Discuss about the National Famework for Recovery Oriented Mental Health Services. Answer: Introduction: Lithium carbonate is a medication widely used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It has been listed by World Health Organization as an essential medication required in a basic health system (Who.int, 2016). It is used in the treatment of the manic episodes of bipolar disorder and also for the maintenance of the patients by diminishing the episodes. The symptoms of mania where lithium carbonate can be used are reduced sleep need, speech pressure, poor judgment and grandiosity (Cerimele et al., 2016). Ellen Hawkbridge has the chief complaint of bipolar disorder and it is defined by manic episodes that are followed by depressive episodes. Presently, she is suffering from the manic episode and the symptoms that she presented clearly indicate bipolar disorder that needs immediate medical intervention. She stated that she do not feel the need of sleep at night, her speech is pressured and slurred, poor judgment of clothes and makeup and her content of thoughts are grandiose and flirtati ous. For controlling these symptoms, she was prescribed lithium carbonate and this was the rationale for selection of the medication for Ellen. Since it is the mainstay of treatment for the treatment and maintenance of bipolar disorder, therefore Ellen is expected to adhere strictly to her prescribed medications to keep her manic episode of bipolar disorder under control (Cerimele et al., 2016). The major side effects of lithium carbonate are diarrhea, abnormal heart rhythm and shortness of breath. The most common side effects of the medication include tiredness, dizziness, drowsiness and increased thirst (Licht, 2012). However, they are common and can be managed by the pharmacist or physician. The major side effects require nursing intervention and treatment. Mild to moderate diarrhea is a major side effect of lithium carbonate that can get severe depending on the dose. The nursing interventions for controlling diarrhea include encouraging the patient to increase the oral fluid intake that contains electrolytes and to promote the use of the relaxation technique. The rationale behind these nursing interventions is to replace the lost fluid due to diarrhea and to decrease the anxiety and stress that can worsen diarrhea. The other major side effect includes abnormal heart rhythm which can get severe or even fatal if the patient has a medical history of heart disease. Nursing i ntervention includes monitoring of the vital signs with assessment of the adequacy of tissue perfusion and cardiac output and auscultation of the heart sounds, rhythm and the presence of dropped beats and extra heart beats. The rationale for these nursing interventions is to provide immediate treatment for termination of dysrhythmia in the presence of alternative tissue perfusion and cardiac output. Auscultation of the heart sounds and rhythm is done for the identification of dysrhythmia in the patients who are unmonitored by hearing the dropped beats and extra heartbeats (Oruch et al., 2014). Shortness of breath is another side effect of lithium carbonate that can get severe with the time. The nursing interventions for shortness of breath include monitoring of the vital signs, pulse oximetry and respiratory status and checking of the skin color for cyanosis. Rationale for these nursing interventions is monitoring of the vital signs and other parameters can alert the doctor and the nurse for any change in patient condition and blue discoloration or cyanosis indicates inadequate perfusion that is a medical emergency (Bschor, 2014). Ellen has been prescribed lithium carbonate 500mg bd and it is a high dose for a woman of 57 years age. Therefore, there are chances that side effects might occur with prolonged use of the medication for maintenance of her bipolar disorder. Mild to moderate side effects can be avoided by withdrawing the drug or reducing the dosage. However, the severe side effects require immediate management and nursing intervention that have been discussed. Since Ellen is already in a degraded state of mental health, any side effect of lithium carbonate has to be dealt with utmost medical care. The clinical condition for which lithium carbonate is prescribed includes the treatment and maintenance of manic episodes of bipolar disorder. The typical symptoms of mania are motor hyperactivity, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, poor judgment, hostility and aggressiveness (Saunders et al., 2016). Since all these symptoms were very much evident on Ellens presence in the emergency department, therefore it was evident that she has not been taking her medications. She did not felt the need of sleep at night, her speech was pressured, loud and slurred, there was flight of ideas in her thoughts and her content of thought was flirtatious and grandiose. These symptoms strongly suggested that she has been missing her medications and needs immediately put back to her medication regime. There are various strategies that can help Ellen to adhere to her medication and keep her manic episodes in control. One strategy is to arrange Psychotherapy for Ellen that will include a psycho-education component for increasing the understanding of the illness and the necessity of the preventive treatment. Another strategy includes collaborative discussion with Ellen regarding the preferred treatment formulation and reviewing the limitations and benefits of the prescribed medications with assessment of the tolerability and the available treatment options (Bauer Gitlin, 2016). Recovery principles encourage honest and open negotiation and discussion between the consumer and practitioner about the legal requirements. Learning and choice are promoted even in the restrictive settings that include security and forensic settings. Two recovery principles can be implemented for facilitating and supporting the self-management of Ellens medications. This includes supported or joint decision making regarding the risk management and safety promotion by considering the sensory modulation strategies for managing arousal (Health.gov.au, 2016). Since Ellen is in an elevated mood and her judgment has been impaired, this has to be brought under control and then a joint decision has to be taken by herself, her husband Simon and the clinician for self-management of her medication. The other strategy will include joint construction of the service plans with relapse signature plans and early warning signs (Health.gov.au, 2016). This will be a joint decision again by Ellen and h er husband Simon along with the clinician for early detection of the relapse if the medications are not taken regularly and designing a service plan for adhering to the medication regime by self-management. These strategies will help Ellen for self-management of her medications by designing plans and modulation strategies for controlling her elevated mood and prevent relapsing of the manic episode. References Bauer, M., Gitlin, M. (2016). Treatment of Mania with Lithium. InThe Essential Guide to Lithium Treatment(pp. 61-70). Springer International Publishing. Bschor, T. (2014). Lithium in the treatment of major depressive disorder.Drugs,74(8), 855-862. Cerimele, J., Chwastiak, L., Ludman, E., Ratzliff, A., Unutzer, J., Katon, W., Stephens, K. A. (2016). Bipolar Disorder.Integrated Care: Creating Effective Mental and Primary Health Care Teams, 55-77. Department of Health | A National framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: guide for practitioners and providers. (2016).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 18 August 2016, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-n-recovgde Licht, R. W. (2012). Lithium: still a major option in the management of bipolar disorder.CNS neuroscience therapeutics,18(3), 219-226. Oruch, R., Elderbi, M. A., Khattab, H. A., Pryme, I. F., Lund, A. (2014). Lithium: a review of pharmacology, clinical uses, and toxicity.European journal of pharmacology,740, 464-473. Saunders, K. E., Cipriani, A., Rendell, J., Attenburrow, M. J., Nelissen, N., Bilderbeck, A. C., ... Harmer, C. J. (2016). Oxford Lithium Trial (OxLith) of the early affective, cognitive, neural and biochemical effects of lithium carbonate in bipolar disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Trials,17(1), 1. WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines. (2016).World Health Organization. Retrieved 18 August 2016, from https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/